How to Care for Your Hunting Rifle or Shotgun

Choosing a hunting firearm is no small feat. There’s a lot to weigh, from cost to the type of game you plan to pursue. But owning a shotgun or rifle is only the first step. Keeping it well maintained is key to both safety and accuracy.

So, is cleaning a firearm really as complicated as it looks in the movies? According to Martin Marion from Born to Hunt, not at all. Here are some top tips from the expert on how often to clean your firearm, what supplies you’ll need, and the steps to keep it in top shape for hunting season.

Firearm cleaners and supplies

How often should you clean your hunting firearm?

Think of cleaning your hunting shotgun or rifle like stretching before a big trek. It’s not glamorous, but it keeps you safe and boosts your chances of a great outing. So should you only clean it before tucking it away for the winter, or give it some shine before heading into the field?

Actually, there are three key moments when you should clean your firearm: before, during, and after hunting season. And if you’ve just picked up a brand-new firearm, cleaning is non-negotiable. Manufacturers often coat the inside of the barrel with grease for transport, and you don’t want that gunk messing with your shot’s accuracy. A quick clean paired with a light oiling will have your firearm ready for action. Martin regularly uses Browning cleaning products.

Here’s an expert tip: always fire a few rounds at the range before your first hunt. It’s the best way to make sure your firearm is in peak condition before you step into the wild.

The steps involved in cleaning your hunting firearm

Cleaning your hunting rifle or shotgun is easier than it sounds. The first deep clean matters most, but once your firearm’s broken in, regular maintenance quickly becomes quick and painless. Just remember: too much oil is as bad as not enough. Before a hunt, keep things light inside the chamber so your ammo feeds smoothly. After the hunt, treat your firearm to a wipe-down and a touch more oil before storage. The sweet spot? A thin layer that’s visible but won’t leave streaks on a cloth.

Step 1: Find a safe and clean work environment

Start by setting up on a solid surface: think workbench, kitchen table, or camp table if that’s all you’ve got, but remember that the operative word here is steady. Add a good lamp so you can see inside the barrel. Dust and grime love to hide, and some parts are small, so good lighting makes all the difference.

Step 2: Set out your supplies

Depending on your choice of hunting firearm, you may need different products. Check out our selection of firearm cleaners to make an informed choice, or talk to one of our experts in-store. 

Once you’ve gathered all your supplies, line up everything: cleaning rods, bore brushes, patches, solvent, oil, gloves, rags, and a bore snake that matches your firearm’s calibre. Having it all within reach will make the job smoother.

Step 3: Remove all ammunition

When cleaning a firearm, safety is paramount. Triple check that your firearm is empty and make sure no ammunition is anywhere near your cleaning area.

Here, you don’t need to fully strip down your shotgun or rifle. The first step is to check your firearm’s manual to ensure you are clear on the procedure. Remove the action, pop out the magazine, and clear out any residue. Need more information? A quick YouTube tutorial may help if you’re unsure.

Step 4: Take your hunting shotgun or rifle apart

Here, you don’t need to fully strip down your shotgun or rifle. The first step is to check your firearm’s manual to ensure you are clear on the procedure. Remove the action, pop out the magazine, and clear out any residue. Need more information? A quick YouTube tutorial may help if you’re unsure.

Step 5: Clean the bore

Shooting accuracy depends on a smooth, obstruction-free bore. To clean it, select a bore snake or cleaning rod with the right size (again, check your firearm’s manual) and run it through, using solvent for a thorough degreasing. Follow up with a bore brush, then dry patches until they come out clean.

Step 6: Clean the barrel

After cleaning the bore, move on to the rest of the barrel, paying close attention to the chamber and muzzle, and clearing any buildup that could throw off your shot.

Step 7: Degrease any dirty parts

A degreaser will take care of stubborn powder residue. While you’re at it, wipe underneath the scope as well. Dirt and condensation have a tendency to sneak in there.

Step 8: Wipe down all parts

Give every piece a once-over with a dry cloth, then add a thin coat of oil to the metal parts. Remember that less is more here: using too much will attract dust.

Step 9: Reassemble the firearm

Put everything back together, then show your stock some love. Synthetic stocks only need a bit of soap and water, while wood stocks deserve a little gun oil for protection. Do a quick safety and trigger check, then test it at the range. Once that’s done, you’re good to go.

Storing your hunting rifle or shotgun

Always follow local regulations. The safest option is to store your firearm in a gun safe, with ammunition secured separately in an equally safe spot.

Beyond safety, there are ways to keep your hunting firearm in top shape while it’s in storage. Moisture should be avoided, so store your firearm outside its case in a cool, dry spot, away from humidity and temperature swings. If the basement’s your only option, make sure it’s not damp.

With your firearm in top condition, we wish you a safe and successful hunt!

FAQ

Which products to use to clean a hunting shotgun or rifle

Stick with high-quality solvents and oils designed for firearms. Browning, Hoppe’s and other trusted hunting brands make complete cleaning kits that cover all the basics. Avoid household cleaners: they can damage finishes and leave your firearm vulnerable.

When to oil your hunting shotgun or rifle

Think of oil as sunscreen for your firearm: a little before the adventure, and a touch more after. Keep it light before a hunt (especially in the chamber), then add a thin protective layer before storage. The goal is shine without stickiness.